Last week we began watching "To Kill a Mockingbird." The movie is narrated by a little girl called "Scout." "Scout" is a nickname, not the girl's real name. I think it's an unusual nickname. I've never met a little girl in the U.S. who was called "Scout." The word "scout" means "to look for something." So, perhaps Scout's father decided to call her "Scout" because she was always looking around for things.
Scout calls her father "Atticus." This is also unusual because "Atticus" is her father's first name and most American children don't call their parents by their first names. Dill, the little boy that Scout and her brother Jem meet early in the movie, wants to know why Scout calls her father "Atticus" because it's so unusual:
Dill: Why do you call you daddy Atticus?
Scout: 'Cause Jem does.
Dill: Why does he?
Scout: I don't know. He just started to ever since he began talking.
On the other hand, I have heard of other children calling their parents by their first names. As a matter of fact, my sister's children called her "Marti," which is her first name. Still, most American children call their parents something like "Mom" or "Dad."
Q: 12 angry menなのですが、101.102にかけて If a doubt is "reasomable" there are reasons for it. この文の最後のitの内容がわかりません(*_*)
A: "If a doubt is 'reasonable' there are reasons for the doubt"と言い換えてもいいです。
質問2
Q: 145 The requirement that the decision be unanimous often forces the jurors to talk more than they would if it were only necessary that a majority or the jurors agree.
I would buy it if I had enough money. この時のwouldは「できないけども」とか「しかないけども」、もし何々の状況が違っていたら、「できる」とか「する」ということになります。
In the movie we saw in class, the jurors would not have talked as much if the decision did not have to be unanimous. 「 授業で見た映画では、全会一致という条件がなければ、そこまで話し続けることはなかった。」
質問3
Q: ＯＺからです。プリントの24番の訳のしかた(bitの使い方)がわかりません。教えてください。
A: bitは文脈によってはsmall piece（Longmanには"bits of broken glass"という例文があります）という意味がありますが、ここではbite (かじる)の過去形です。
A: one or more peopleというは「一人、または一人より多い人数」、つまり「一人以上」ということです。英語には「以上」という言葉がないので、例えば「2個以上」をtwo or moreというように言います。
質問5
Q: オズの魔法使いのプリントの31番のwhatは「なにで」でいいんですかね？
A: who or what has bitten herについては「だれが、あるいは何が彼女に噛み付いたのか」ということです。人間ならwho、動物ならwhatということです。
質問6
Q: 12 agree men
139 Longman says that a unanimous
140 desicion ,vote,agreement etc is one in which
141all the people involved
142agree.
訳、ロングマンは全会一致の判決、投票、協定等の場で全ての人の同意を必要とすることと説明している。
12You've had the law read to you and
13 interpreted as it applieses in this case.
訳、あなた方は、この場合に法律がどのようにあてはまるかを説明してもらった。
訳はあってますかね？授業で"to interpret the law" means to "explain the meaning of the law." との説明を聞いたのですが、the law readの部分が良く分からなくて。
A: 質問を引用しながら答えます。
"12 agree men
139 Longman says that a unanimous
140 desicion ,vote,agreement etc is one in which
141all the people involved
142agree.
訳、ロングマンは全会一致の判決、投票、協定等の場で全ての人の同意を必要とすることと説明している。"
Q: 42～45行目
It is the job of the judge to make sure that the jurors have had the relevant
laws read to them and that the laws have been explained properly.
①文の概要
It is the job of the judge to make sure that ～.
～（that以下）であることを確認することは裁判官の仕事です。
②that以下→裁判官が確認しなければならないこと。
・the jurors have had the relevant laws read to them
陪審員たちは関連する法をthemに読み聞かせさせた
・the laws have been explained properly.
法律は正確に説明された
Now, in regard to the phrase "in good conscience" . . . （さて、"in good conscience"というフレーズについては）、授業では、プリントの中のこのところの句読点が間違っていたということを伝えました。つまり、"you must in, good conscience, find" が誤りで、"you must, in good conscience, find" が正しいです。ブログ上ではこのあやまりを訂正してあります。"in good conscience"というフレーズの意味を調べるのに英辞郎を見てほしいと思います。英辞郎では"in good conscience"のようなフレーズで検索できるところが特にいいと思います。是非、試してみてください。
最後に、"find the accused guilty"のfindですが、ここでは「探す」や「見つける」というような意味ではありません。Longmanの中のfindの10番目の定義は "to make an official decision in a court of law"です。つまり、法廷ではfindが「決める」、つまり「判断を下す」という意味になります。これはもともとのfindの意味である「探す」や「見つける」からずいぶん離れた使い方だと思いますが、日本語で言う「答えが見つかった」というような発想に近いだろうと思います。
Today, I'd like to talk about three ways in which the word "mean" can be used. The first way is to talk about the meaning of a particular word. For example, if you are reading a book and you find an English word that your don't understand, you might point to the word and ask, "What does this word mean?" I strongly recommend that you ask questions like this about words that you don't understand. It's a great way to learn.
The other two ways both come up in The Wizard of OZ several times. Here's a conversation between Miss Gulch and Uncle Henry that is an example of the second way in which the word "mean" can be used:
Gulch: I want to see you and your wife right away about Dorothy.
Henry: Dorothy? Well, what has Dorothy done?
Gulch: What's she done? I'm all but lame from the bite on my leg!
Henry: You mean she bit you?
Gulch: No, her dog!
Henry: Oh, she bit her dog, eh?
Gulch: No!
It is clear from what Miss Gulch said that she has been bitten on her leg but she did not say who or what has bitten her. Since Miss Gulch began by saying that she came to talk about Dorothy, Uncle Henry asks if Miss Gulch is trying to say that Dorothy bit her. It's difficult to hear all of the words but he is saying "You mean she bit you?"
This is the second way in which the word "mean" can be used -- to talk about what someone is trying to say or talk about.
Here's a another example from the movie of this way of using the word "mean." Dorothy is talking with Professor Marvel:
Dorothy: Oh, please, Professor, why can't we go with you and see all the Crowned Heads of Europe?
Professor: Do you know any? Oh, you mean the thing . . . Yes, well, I -- I never do anything without consulting my crystal first.
Dorothy asks about going to see the "Crowned Heads of Europe" (that is, kings and queens in Europe) because she saw the sign on Professor Marvel's wagon. For a moment, Professor Marvel does not know what Dorothy is talking about but then he remembers his sign and says "Oh, you mean the thing" written on my wagon. So, in this case "Oh, you mean the thing" means "Oh, you are talking about the sign."
Finally, here's an example of the third way in which the word "mean" can be used:
Please, Aunt Em, Toto didn't mean to. He didn't know he was doing anything wrong.
Dorothy is telling Aunt Em that Toto didn't intend to doing anything wrong to Miss Gulch. Here's another example:
Witch: Who killed my sister? Who killed the Witch of the East? Was it you?
Dorothy: No, no. It was an accident! I didn't mean to kill anybody!
Dorothy uses the word "mean" in the same way after she kills the Wicked Witch of the West:
Guard: She's dead. You've killed her.
Dorothy: I didn't mean to kill her, really I didn't. It's just that he was on fire!
Here, too, Dorothy is saying that she didn't intend to kill anyone.
To review, the first way in which the word "mean" can be used is to talk about the meaning of a particular word, as in the sentence, "What does this word mean?" The second way is to talk about about what someone is trying to say or talk about, as in the sentence, "Do you mean that Dorothy bit you?" Finally, the third way is to use the word "mean" to talk about what someone did or did not intend to do, as in, "I didn't mean to do it. It was an accident."
We talked about parts of the movie that were somewhat difficult for some of you to understand. In particular, we talked about why the last juror changed his vote to "not guilty."
We began to watch a video about the 裁判員 system in Japan.
Next week we will do the following:
Finish watching the video that we started to watch last time.
