Lang-8

Most of the students in this class are still working on the "Scout and Atticus" Moodle exercises.  Some of you, however, have already finished.  Unfortunately, I have not yet been able to prepare new Moodle exercises about Forrest Gump, the movie we are watching now.  For now, I would like to ask the students who have finished "Scout and Atticus" to go to Lang-8.com, make an account, and begin writing in it.  I will give you more information in class about what I would like you to do on Lang-8.

試験日

今学期も試験を最後の授業日に行います。従って、試験日は1月21日となります。

English Weekend

英語や国際交流に関心のある学生にぜひ勧めたいと思います。

Moodle

この授業ではほぼ毎回Moodleを使います。ここをクリックして、Moodleを開いてログインしてください。ログインができたら「アメリカ文化論Ⅱ」に入って、練習問題を解いてみてください。

Scout and Atticus

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Last week we began watching "To Kill a Mockingbird." The movie is narrated by a little girl called "Scout." "Scout" is a nickname, not the girl's real name. I think it's an unusual nickname. I've never met a little girl in the U.S. who was called "Scout." The word "scout" means "to look for something." So, perhaps Scout's father decided to call her "Scout" because she was always looking around for things.

Scout calls her father "Atticus." This is also unusual because "Atticus" is her father's first name and most American children don't call their parents by their first names. Dill, the little boy that Scout and her brother Jem meet early in the movie, wants to know why Scout calls her father "Atticus" because it's so unusual:

Dill: Why do you call your daddy Atticus?
Scout: 'Cause Jem does.
Dill: Why does he?
Scout: I don't know. He just started to ever since he began talking.

On the other hand, I have heard of other children calling their parents by their first names. As a matter of fact, my sister's children called her "Marti," which is her first name. Still, most American children call their parents something like "Mom" or "Dad."

In the beginning of the movie, a man named Mr. Cunningham brings some nuts for Atticus. Scout calls Atticus when she sees Mr. Cunningham, even though Mr. Cunningham says that there's no need to bother him. After Mr. Cunningham leaves, Atticus tells Scout not to call him the next time Mr. Cunningham comes. Listen to the dialogue:

Atticus: Scout, I think maybe . . . next time Mr. Cunningham comes, you better not call me.
Scout: I thought you'd wanna thank him.
Atticus: Oh, I do. I think it embarrasses him to be thanked.

Atticus is a very kind man and father. He would like to thank Mr. Cunningham for the food that he brings him, but he can see that being thanked embarrasses Mr. Cunningham so he tells Scout not to call him next time. Now, let's listen to the rest of the conversation between Scout and Atticus to find out why Mr. Cunningham feels embarrassed when he brings food to Atticus's family:

Scout: Why does he bring you all this stuff?
Atticus: He's paying me for some legal work I did for him.
Scout: Why does he pay you like this?
Atticus: That's the only way he can. He has no money.
Scout: Is he poor?
Atticus: Yes.
Scout: Are we poor?
Atticus: We are indeed.
Scout: [Are] we as poor as the Cunninghams?
Atticus: No, not exactly. Cunninghams are country folks, farmers. Crash hit them the hardest.

Atticus is a lawyer and Mr. Cunningham was his client. As Atticus explains to Scout, Mr. Cunningham has no money and so the only way that he can pay Atticus is to bring food from his farm.

The "crash" that Atticus mentions is the stock market crash of 1929. The crash of the stock market was the beginning of the Great Depression, which lasted for about 10 years. This movie takes place in the 1930s, during the Great Depression.

During the Great Depression, food prices dropped. This hurt the farmers because they could not get much money for the food they produced. This is one reason that Atticus says that the crash hit the farmers the hardest. Another reason is that the farmers were already very poor before the crash of the stock market.

Now, let's study the dialogue in more detail.

Atticus: Scout, I think maybe . . . next time Mr. Cunningham comes, you better not call me.

When Atticus says "you better not call me" it means the same as "you had better not call me." In English, you can say "you had better do such-and-such" to mean "you should do such-and-such" and some people just say "you better do such-and-such," as Atticus did here.

When people speak they sometimes leave out words that they would include if they were writing. Atticus's leaving out the "had" in "you had better not call me" is one example of this. Another example is when Scout leaves out the word "are" in the question "Are we as poor as the Cunninghams?":

Scout: [Are] we as poor as the Cunninghams?

When people speak in informal situations, they also tend to pronounce two or more words together as one word, instead of saying each word clearly. For example, instead of saying "do not" people often say "don't." In the following sentence Scout pronounces "you would" as "you'd" and "want to" as "wanna."

Scout: I thought you'd wanna thank him.

In standard English, this would be "I thought you would want to thank him." When you speak, I recommend that you say "want to" because "wanna" can sound a bit childish, unless you are speaking very quickly. When you write, you should definitely write "want to," not "wanna."

Scout: Why does he bring you all this stuff?
Atticus: He's payin' me for some legal work I did for him.

"Legal" means having to do with the law. So, Atticus is referring to work that he did as a lawyer as "legal work." When Atticus says "paying me" he pronounces it "payin' me." Americans often talk this way in informal situations. However, when Atticus speaks in court, he pronounces the "ing" sound at the end of words clearly.

Now that we have studied the dialogue, I hope you will find it easier to understand. Let's conclude by listening to the entire dialogue one more time.

Atticus: Scout, I think maybe . . . next time Mr. Cunningham comes, you better not call me.
Scout: I thought you'd wanna thank him.
Atticus: Oh, I do. I think it embarrasses him to be thanked.
Scout: Why does he bring you all this stuff?
Atticus: He's paying me for some legal work I did for him.
Scout: Why does he pay you like this?
Atticus: That's the only way he can. He has no money.
Scout: Is he poor?
Atticus: Yes.
Scout: Are we poor?
Atticus: We are indeed.
Scout: [Are] we as poor as the Cunninghams?
Atticus: No, not exactly. Cunninghams are country folks, farmers. Crash hit them the hardest.

What do you mean? (日本語訳付き)

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Today, I'd like to talk about three ways in which the word "mean" can be used.	今日は”mean”という言葉の３つの使い方について話したいと思います。
The first way is to talk about the meaning of a particular word.	まず、特定の言葉の「意味」を指す、という使い方があります。
For example, if you are reading a book and you find an English word that you don't understand, you might point to the word and ask, "What does this word mean?"	例えば、本を読んでいて、知らない言葉が出て来たら、その言葉を指差して「この言葉はどういう意味ですか」と尋ねるかもしれません。
I strongly recommend that you ask questions like this about words that you don't understand.	理解できない言葉が出てきたら、このような表現を使って意味を尋ねることを強くお勧めします。
It's a great way to learn.	本当にいい学習方法だと思います。
The other two ways both come up in The Wizard of OZ several times.	残りの２つの使い方は「オズの魔法使い」という映画に繰り返し出てきます。
Here's a conversation between Miss Gulch and Uncle Henry that is an example of the second way in which the word "mean" can be used:	次のMiss Gulch（犬を連れ去ろうとした意地悪なおばさん）とUncle Henryとの間の会話は２つ目の”mean”の使い方の例になります。
Gulch: I want to see you and your wife right away about Dorothy.	ガルチ：ドロシーの件で、今すぐにあなたと奥さんに会いたい。
Henry: Dorothy? Well, what has Dorothy done?	ヘンリー：ドロシー？ドロシーが何をしたですって？
Gulch: What's she done? I'm all but lame from the bite on my leg!	ガルチ：何をしたって？私は足を噛まれて、もう少しで足が不自由になるところだったのよ。
Henry: You mean she bit you?	ヘンリー：ドロシーがあんたに噛みついたってこと？
Gulch: No, her dog!	ガルチ：まさか。犬よ。
Henry: Oh, she bit her dog, eh?	ヘンリー：ああ、ドロシーが犬を噛んだのかね？
Gulch: No!	ガルチ：違う！
It is clear from what Miss Gulch said that she has been bitten on her leg but she did not say who or what has bitten her.	足に噛まれたことは最初のMiss Gulchの話からわかりますが、だれ（それとも何）が噛み付いたのかは言いませんでした。
Since Miss Gulch began by saying that she came to talk about Dorothy, Uncle Henry asks if Miss Gulch is trying to say that Dorothy bit her.	Miss Gulchはドロシーのことで話したいと言うので、Uncle Henryは「ドロシーに噛まれた」ということか、と尋ねます。
It's difficult to hear all of the words but he is saying "You mean she bit you?"	言葉は少し聞き取りにくいかもしれませんが、”You mean she bit you?”と言っています。
This is the second way in which the word "mean" can be used -- to talk about what someone is trying to say or talk about.	これは「mean」の２つ目の使い方、つまり、人が言おうとしていることについて尋ねる使い方です。
Here's another example from the movie of this way of using the word "mean."	映画の中にあるこの使い方のもう一つの例を見てみましょう。
Dorothy is talking with Professor Marvel:	ドロシーはMarvel先生と話しています。
Dorothy: Oh, please, Professor, why can't we go with you and see all the Crowned Heads of Europe?	ドロシー：Marvel先生、先生と一緒にヨーロッパの貴族に会いに行けませんか？
Professor: Do you know any? Oh, you mean the thing . . . Yes, well, I -- I never do anything without consulting my crystal first.	Marvel先生：君、ヨーロッパの貴族に知り合いがいるのか・・・ああ、あのことか・・・そうですね。私はまず、占いの水晶玉を見ないと何も決められないね。
Dorothy asks about going to see the "Crowned Heads of Europe" (that is, kings and queens in Europe) because she saw the sign on Professor Marvel's wagon.	Marvel先生の荷馬車の看板にある「ヨーロッパの貴族の前で魔法を披露した」という文字をドロシーが見たので、「貴族に会いに連れて行って」と言います。
For a moment, Professor Marvel does not know what Dorothy is talking about but then he remembers his sign and says "Oh, you mean the thing" written on my wagon.	一瞬、Marvel先生は何のことかわかりませんが、看板のことを思い出し「ああ、荷馬車にあるあれ［看板］か」と言います。
So, in this case "Oh, you mean the thing" means "Oh, you are talking about the sign."	ですから、「ああ、あなたはあのことを言っているのか」というのは「ああ、あなたは看板のこと言っているのか」という意味になります。
Finally, here's an example of the third way in which the word "mean" can be used:	最後に、３つ目のmeanの使い方の例です。
Please, Aunt Em, Toto didn't mean to.	ドロシー：Emおばさん、お願いします。（犬の）トトはわざとやった訳ではありません。
He didn't know he was doing anything wrong.	悪気がありませんでした。
Dorothy is telling Aunt Em that Toto didn't intend to do anything wrong to Miss Gulch.	ドロシーはトトには悪いことをする意図がなかったことをEmおばさんに言っています。
Here's another example:	もう一つの例です。
Witch: Who killed my sister? Who killed the Witch of the East? Was it you?	魔女：だれが妹を殺したんだい？だれが東の魔女を殺したんだ？あんたかい？
Dorothy: No, no. It was an accident! I didn't mean to kill anybody!	ドロシー：いいえ、いいえ。事故でした。私はだれも殺そうとしていませんでした。
Dorothy uses the word "mean" in the same way after she kills the Wicked Witch of the West:	西の悪い魔女を殺した後に、ドロシーが同じような意味で”mean”という言葉を使います。
Guard: She's dead. You've killed her.	番人：死んでいる。あなたが殺したですね。
Dorothy: I didn't mean to kill her, really I didn't. It's just that he was on fire!	ドロシー：わざと殺したわけではありません。本当に。ただ、彼に火がついてしまい・・・
Here, too, Dorothy is saying that she didn't intend to kill anyone.	ここでも、ドロシーが人を殺す意図がなかったと言っています。
To review, the first way in which the word "mean" can be used is to talk about the meaning of a particular word, as in the sentence, "What does this word mean?"	おさらいしましょう。最初の"mean"の使い方は特定の言葉や表現の意味について話す使い方です。例えば、「この言葉の意味は何ですか？」という用法。
The second way is to talk about about what someone is trying to say or talk about, as in the sentence, "Do you mean that Dorothy bit you?"	２つ目は人が言おうとしていることについて尋ねる使い方です。例えば「ドロシーがあんたを噛んだってこと？」。
Finally, the third way is to use the word "mean" to talk about what someone did or did not intend to do, as in, "I didn't mean to do it. It was an accident."	最後に、３つ目の使い方は人がやろうとしていたこと、またはやろうとしていなかったことについて話す使い方です。例えば、「わざとやった訳ではなかった。事故だった。」

Downloading videos

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Putting video files on your phones

ビデオはまだ作り終わっていませんので、今日はとりあえずそのナレーションの英語の日本をここに載せたいと思います。もちろん、操作などを見せる動画の方が断然わかりやすいはずですが、そのテキストを読むだけでも大体のことはわかると思います。一応目を通してください。

============================

Hi! こんにちは！

In this video, I'll show you how to download videos and put them on your smart phones. このビデオで、デビオをダウンロードし、スマートフォンに入れる方法を見せます。

What you need to do to download videos depends on whether you have an iPhone or Android smart phone.  スマホがiPhoneかAndroidかによって、ビデオをダウンロードするためにしなければならないことが異なります。

Let's begin by talking about the difference between the iPhone and Android smart phones.  ます、iPhoneとAndroidのスマホの違いの話から始めましょう。

Both the hardware (that is, the actual phone) and the operating system of all iPhones are made by the Apple corporation. すべてのiPhoneのハード（つまり、電話そのもの）もOSもアップル社によって作られています。

Android, however, is the only name of the operating system that the phone uses.  しかし、Androidというのは電話が使うOSの名前でしかありません。

The Android operating system is made by the Google corporation.  AndroidのOSはGoogle社によって作られています。

Unlike iPhones, which are only made by Apple, many companies make phones that use the Android operating system. アップル社にしか作られていないiPhoneと違って、AndroidのOSを使うスマホを作っている会社がたくさんあります。

No matter who makes your smart phone, if it is not an iPhone, it probably uses the Android operating system.  あなたのスマホを作っている会社はどこであろうと、iPhoneでなければ、AndroidのOSを使っている可能性が高いです。

Now, whether you have an iPhone or an Android phone, there are two basic approaches to downloading a video. さて、あなたが使っているスマホはiPhoneであろうと、Androidであろうと、ビデオをダウンロードの方法は大きく分けて二つあります。

One is to download the video directly from the internet onto your phone. 一つはビデオを直接ネットからスマホへダウンロードする方法です。

The other is to download the video onto a computer and then put it on your phone.  もう一つは先にパソコンでビデオをダウンロードしてからスマホに入れるという方法です。

First, let's look at how to download a video onto your Android phone and then play it.  まず、Androidの電話にビデオをダウンロードしてから再生する方法を見てみましょう。

Find the link to the video you want to download and then put your finger on the link and keep it there until you see a menu like this one. ダウンロードしたいビデオへのリンクを見つけてから、メニューが現れるまで指でそのリンクを押さえます。

The menu you see will probably be different if your phone's operating system is in Japanese, but you should see something like "Save link."  あなたのスマホのOSが日本語になっていれば、現れるメニューは違うだろうと思いますが、「リンクを保存」のような選択肢が出てくるでしょう。

Click on "Save link."  「リンクを保存」をクリックします。

Next, open an app called "Downloads."  次に、「ダウンロード」というアプリを開きます。

If the file has already been downloaded, you should be able to choose an app to play your video.  ファイルのダウンロードが終わっていれば、アプリを選んで、再生ができるはずです。

Next, let's look at one way to do the same thing on an iPhone.  次に、同じようなことをiPhoneで行う方法を見てみましょう。

Unlike Android phones, iPhones do not come with an app that lets you download video files directly from the internet.
Androidの電話と違って、iPhoneにはビデオを直接ダウンロードするための備え付けのアプリはありません。

Fortunately, however, you can download an app that allows you to do this.  しかし、幸いなことに、こういうことをさせてくれるアプリをダウンロードすることができます。

I'm not sure if it's the best choice, but "Downloads Plus Lite" is free and seems to work well.  一番いい選択肢かどうかについてはよくわかりませんが、 "Downloads Plus Lite"は無料でちゃんと作動するようです。

Now we've finished looking at how to download videos directly onto your phone. これで直接スマホにビデオを入れる方法を見終わりました。


Next, let's look at how to download a video onto a computer and then put it on your smart phone. 次に、ビデオをパソコンにダウンロードしてからスマホに入れるやり方を見てみましょう。

The first step is the same whether you are using a Mac or a Windows computer. 最初のステップはMacでもWindowsのパソコンも同じです。

Right click on the link to the video you want to download and then choose "Save the file" from the menu.  リンクの上で右クリックをして

To move the file from a Windows computer to an Android phone, begin by connecting your phone to the computer. WindowsのパソコンからAndroidのスマホにファイルを移動させるには、まずスマホをパソコンに接続させます。

Then, you should be find you phone and look at the files inside it.　そうすれば、スマホの中のファイルを見ることができるはずです。

I recommend that you make a new folder to put your videos in.
自分のビデオを入れるための新しいファルダを作ることをお勧めします。

Double click the folder to open it and then drag the file you downloaded inside it.
フォルダを開くためにダブルクリックして、ダウンロードしたファイルをドラッグして入れます。

Then, when you open your favorite video app on your phone, you should be able to find the folder you made and play your video.
そうすれば、スマホで好きな動画用のアプリを開けば、フォルダを見つけて、ビデオを再生できるはずです。

If you are using a Mac to put files on your Android phone, you need to download and install an application called "Android file transfer."　MacのパソコンからAndroidのスマホにファイルを入れるなら、"Android file transfer"というアプリが必要になります。

Once you have "Android file transfer" you can use it to manage the video files on your phone.　"Android file transfer"を入手してから、スマホの中のビデオファイルを管理することに使えるはずです。

Finally, if you have an iPhone, you will need iTunes to move your files from your computer to your phone.
最後に、iPhoneの利用者なら、パソコンから電話にファイルを入れるためにはiTunesが必要になります。

iTunes is a program that you can download for free.　iTunesというのは無料でダウンロードできるソフトです。

It works on Windows and Macintosh computers.　WindowsでもMacでは使えます。

If you have iTunes, you download the file you want to use and the use iTunes to put it on your phone.　iTunesがあれば、使いたいファイルをダウンロードしてから、iTunesを使ってiPhoneに入れます。

There are several different ways to use iTunes to put files in your phone and you can download other programs to help you do things that iTunes does not do.　iTunesを使ってファイルをiPhoneに入れる方法はいくつかあり、iTunesでできないことを他のソフトを利用すればでできるようになります。

I'll make another video later to help iPhone users learn more about how to move files to their phones and how to manage those files using iTunes and other programs.　iPhone利用者のために、iTunesやその他のソフトを使って、どのようにしてファイルをiPhoneに移動できるかやどのような管理方法があるかに関するするビデオを作ります。

A Hard Mother's Day for Mama Crow

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Today we heard a couple of crows making a lot of noise near our house.   Then, Mariko heard a noise by our backdoor where we keep our trash.  She took a look and found this crow sitting on top of the trash can. It seemed to be struggling so I thought it had gotten caught in the netting in back of the can.  I got some gloves to protect my hands and picked up the lid to see if I could help it to get free.  To my surprise, it didn't try to fly away. I slid it off the lid onto my glove where it seemed remarkably content.  Meanwhile two other crows seemed quite upset about what was going on.  We think that the two crows are the parents and that the crow we found on our trash can may be too young to fly. We put it down and then it hopped to our front yard and climbed up a tree.  It hasn't moved from the tree for several hours and the parents continue to keep watch.  I think this has been a hard Mother's Day for Mama Crow.  Like many mothers and fathers she can't help but worry about her offspring -- even after they've gotten pretty big.

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普段使用している学生の個人アカウントとパスワードを入力
正しくログインできると学生の名前が表示されたユーザー登録画面に進みます。
そこで「氏名」、「学籍番号」、「メールアドレス」、「学部」、「学科」が必須入力項目なので学生に入力してもらいます。
メールアドレスの項目でアカウントが表示されるので@e.kumagaku.ac.jpを追加して一番下の「プロファイルを更新する」をクリックすると登録したメールアドレスにMoodleからメールが送られているので、メールを確認させるようにしてください。
受信して受信箱を見ると「KGU 経済学部 Moodle Siteのメール更新確認」というタイトルでメールが送られているので本文に書かれているURLをコピーしてブラウザで開かせてください。
そうすると生徒の本登録が完了します。
ちょっと長い説明になってしまいました。

Moodle中の「H26アメリカ文化論Ⅰ」の登録 をするためには、Moodleにログインした後にHomeをクリックしてください。そのなかに「基礎科目」「発展科目」「応用科目」が見えると思います。次に「発展科目」→「H26アメリカ文化論Ⅰ」→「私を受講登録する」をクリックしてください。

Reasonable doubt

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The first movie we will study in this class is called "12 Angry Men." It came out in 1957 and shows how 12 men decide whether or not a 17 year old boy is guilty of the crime of murder.

I'd like to begin by talking about some of the judge's instructions to the jury at the beginning of the movie.

You've listened to the testimony. You've had the law read to you and interpreted as it applies in this case. It's now your duty to sit down and try and separate the facts from the fancy.

Now, let's look at each sentence.

You've listened to the testimony.

"You've listened to the testimony." The judge is not speaking very clearly here. He sounds a little bored. I think he must be saying "You've listened to the testimony" but I can't hear him say "you've." The Longman English Dictionary says that the word "testimony" means "a formal statement that something is true." When people speak in a court of law about what happened in a case like this one, their speech is called "testimony." One important job of a juror is to listen to testimony.

You've had the law read to you and interpreted as it applies in this case.

"You've had the law read to you and interpreted as it applies in this case." Ordinary people become jurors. Unlike judges and lawyers, they are not experts on the law but they must make very important decisions based on the law. It is the job of the judge to make sure that the jurors have had the relevant laws read to them and that the laws have been explained properly. The jury system is based on the idea that, in a democracy, ordinary citizens are smart enough to understand the laws. In other words, ordinary citizens may not have broad knowledge of the law but they have the ability to understand the laws if they are explained properly.

It's now your duty to sit down and try and separate the facts from the fancy.

"It's now your duty to sit down and try and separate the facts from the fancy." A duty is something that someone must do. Longman says that it is "something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right." "Fancy" is something that is imagined but is not true. Longman says that fancy means "an idea or opinion that is not based on fact." So, in other words, the jurors must sit down and decide what is true and what is not true.

Now, let's listen to this part of the judge's instructions again.

You've listened to the testimony. You've had the law read to you and interpreted as it applies in this case. It's now your duty to sit down and try and separate the facts from the fancy.

Soon after this the judge tells the jurors that they must make their decision on the basis of "reasonable doubt."

If there's a reasonable doubt in your minds as to the guilt of the accused -- a reasonable doubt -- then you must bring me a verdict of not guilty. Now if, however, there's no reasonable doubt, then you must in, good conscience, find the accused guilty.

"If there's a reasonable doubt in your minds as to the guilt of the accused -- a reasonable doubt -- then you must bring me a verdict of not guilty." Longman says that "doubt" is "a feeling of being not sure whether something is true or right." The phrase "not sure" is important. Even if we think that it is likely that something happened, we may still have some doubts about it. It is also important to think about why we do not feel sure. The judge uses the phrase "reasonable doubt." "Reasonable" is based on the word "reason." If a doubt is "reasonable" there are reasons for it. It is possible to doubt anything. We might doubt, for example, that the sun will come up again tomorrow. However, if we don't have a reason to doubt that the sun will come up, our doubt is not a reasonable one. When the judge says "If there's a reasonable doubt . . . you must bring me a verdict of not guilty" he is saying that the jurors must consider whether or not there is a good reason to think that the boy might not be guilty. This is very different from considering whether or not the boy is probably guilty. This idea of "reasonable doubt" is at the heart of the jury system and this movie. Let's listen to the judge talk about reasonable doubt one more time.

If there's a reasonable doubt in your minds as to the guilt of the accused -- a reasonable doubt -- then you must bring me a verdict of not guilty. If, however, there's no reasonable doubt, then you must in good conscience find the accused guilty.

The "verdict" is the decision that the jurors make. They will either say "guilty" or "not guilty." "The accused" is the boy. He has been accused of murder so he is called "the accused."

Then, the judge tells the jurors that their decision must be unanimous.

However you decide, your verdict must be unanimous.

"However you decide, your verdict must be unanimous." Longman says that "a unanimous decision, vote, agreement etc is one in which all the people involved agree." Everyone must agree. This, too, is a very important idea in the American jury system and in this movie. If one or more people on the jury do not agree with the other jurors they must talk more. The requirement that the decision be unanimous often forces the jurors to talk more than they would if it were only necessary that a majority or the jurors agree. It also makes it harder to find the accused guilty. In order to find the accused guilty, all twelve jurors must agree that there is not a reasonable doubt about the guilt of the accused.

Test prepartation

Scout and Atticusのmp4ファイルを更新しました。新しいファイルにはすべての英文の和訳が入っています。参考になると思いますので、ダウンロードして携帯に入れてください。

MoodleにもScout and Atticusの後半までの練習があります。辺境に役立ててほしいと思います。試験の出来があまりよくない場合にはMoodleの記録を見て、よく練習に取り組んだことを確認できれば、そのことを考慮して成績評定をしますので、その意味でも取り組むことには皆さんにとってメリットがあると思います。

なお、今年は最後の授業の時間（20日）に期末試験を行います。13日は祝日（成人の日）なので、本日（6日）が最後の授業日となります。試験時間などに関する間違いがないように注意してください。

試験範囲はScout and Atticusに関するdictation問題と秋学期に見て日本の英語（「アラバマ物語」［To Kill a Mockingbird］と「一期一会」［Forrest Gump］）に関する論述形式問題となります。

なお、dictation問題で問われるところは必ずしもMoodleと同じになるとは限りません。